Reviews (9)

Excellent, full of examples, easy to follow
This book is one of the best, most thorough and well explained textbooks I have encountered in the past 5 years of school.The authors, one of whom is teaching my course, present their explanations in a way that is both thorough and accessible.This is not a cookbook by any means - it is a very solid, detailed foundation for power electronics, and doesn't gloss over the important concepts like other books in the field.If you're just looking for a reference book with equations, circuits, and tables, this isn't for you.However, if you're looking for a text to study and understand in detail, you'll be right at home.
Excellent, full of examples, easy to follow
This book is one of the best, most thorough and well explained textbooks I have encountered in the past 5 years of school.The authors, one of whom is teaching my course, present their explanations in a way that is both thorough and accessible.This is not a cookbook by any means - it is a very solid, detailed foundation for power electronics, and doesn't gloss over the important concepts like other books in the field.If you're just looking for a reference book with equations, circuits, and tables, this isn't for you.However, if you're looking for a text to study and understand in detail, you'll be right at home.
Lots of information with some open ended information
I would agree with the other reviewer that this is not a "how to" book. The book approaches the subject from an academic viewpoint. The reader is expected to fill in between the lines with previous experience. It appears that the authors, professors as U of C, supplement the text with worked out examples for their students. I would recomend it to people already versed in the subject and want more information.I found it for half price and this makes it worth buying as a reference. ... Read more

Subjects:  1. Electric Power Systems    2. Electronic Apparatus And Devices    3. Electronics - General    4. Engineering - Electrical & Electronic    5. Power electronics    6. Science/Mathematics    7. Technology    8. Technology & Industrial Arts    9. Electronics engineering    10. Energy Technology & Engineering    11. Technology / Electronics / Circuits / General   

Reviews (8)

Great resource for the working analog layout and design engineer.
I read the pre-print while still in college and continued to use it as i've progressed in my career. This book is a great collection of analog layout techniques for the real world, no analog IC designer should be without it. I continue to refer to it as i design different kinds of circuits that require alternative layout techniques. Great book overall!

Highly recommended for all levels of analog IC designers
The most detailed book that I have come across, addressing issues and design practices in analog layout (CMOS and bipolar). It is a combination of extensive layout experience (reflected in easy-to-use thumb rules) and the technical reasoning/nuances leading up to layout decisions. Strongly recommended not only for those starting out with their first design, but also for those who think they have a "feel" of layout practices without really knowing why.
Highly Recommended Book On Bipolar & CMOS
I own this book, as do several of my co-workers.At the time I purchased it, just after it became available, late 2002 if memory serves, I could find only a few books on the subject, including Dan Clein's 'CMOS IC Layout'.I was most happy with this book to teach analog layout techniques.I judged this book as the best, as it is more detailed, deeper, more technical, broader.(See my review of CMOS IC Layout for more comparisons.)There is a lot of bipolar, but even analog CMOS layout makes use of parasitic bipolar junction tranistors and parasitic field FETs that all high voltage analog mask designers need to deal with.Yes, it is arguably lite on ESD, and, as an experienced analog chip designer, I was sad that I could not find mention that CMOS FET and poly resistor matching is generally scaled by the square root of the area, and alot more engineering level detail could be included in that section.Still, this book is the best for analog layout techniques. ... Read more

Subjects:  1. Design and construction    2. Electronics - Circuits - Integrated    3. Electronics - General    4. Engineering - Electrical & Electronic    5. Integrated Circuits    6. Layout (Printing)    7. Science/Mathematics    8. Technology    9. Technology & Industrial Arts    10. Circuits & components    11. Technology / Electronics / General   

Reviews (24)

Great coverage of Verilog language
Very comprehensive text about the Verilog language, covering the various aspects of the language. The text is clear and well organized. The exercises at the end of the chapter helped me a lot in the learning process. The simulator included is very simnple and all examples in the book run flawlessly. A few things I did not like: the few mistakes in the text and code could have been easily caught by any careful reviewer, the lack of a more detailed example to show the usage of the various constructs in a real world Verilog design and hints about how to build synthesizable Verilog programs. I have enjoyed the author's style and recommend the book for any person who wants to learn Verilog, including other software engineers like myself who want to understand some HDL basics.

Good explanations but not for reference
I read the book; it is a good one for reader to catch the idea quickly. But to use it as a reference book might not be a good idea. The topic organization is divided into basic usage section and advanced technique section, and kind of hard to locate for a certain issue. However, it is still worthy of reading as a beginner. The most things I like this book is it use example(s) to explain the concept.

an easy language
The author offers more than just a detailing of the various parts of the Verilog language. He also covers extra features that enhance what you can do in Verilog for the purposes of modelling or analysis.
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Subjects:  1. Chdl (Computer Hardware Descriptive Language)    2. Computer Engineering    3. Electronics - General    4. Engineering - Electrical & Electronic    5. Science/Mathematics    6. Technology    7. Technology & Industrial Arts    8. Verilog (Computer hardware des    9. Verilog (Computer hardware description language)    10. Circuits & components    11. Computer Communications & Networking    12. High level programming languages    13. Systems analysis & design    14. Technology / Electronics / General   

Reviews (5)

THE Authoritative Book on Batteries
As a battery engineer, I've found this handbook the single most useful technical reference in battery design, application, and troubleshooting. Handbook of Batteries
a very good book on tips of batteries. if i had never even read it, i would have died of an electrical shock my sister almost gave me.Read this book, it could save your life.

i'm an electrical power engineer
electricity and machines , generators and so on. ... Read more

Subjects:  1. Electric Batteries    2. Electricity    3. Engineering - Electrical & Electronic    4. Handbooks, manuals, etc    5. Science/Mathematics    6. Technology    7. Technology & Industrial Arts    8. Circuits & components    9. Energy conversion & storage    10. Technology / Engineering / Electrical   

Reviews (51)

This is a review of the 7th edition
This is a review of the SEVENTH edition of "Electric Circuits" by Nilsson & Riedel.Amazon generally keeps reviews of previous editions combined with later editions and that can be quite confusing.For example, many of these reviews make a complaint that the book has no answers in the back.That may have been true in their edition, but for this, simply turn to Appendix G page 939 and many answers are provided for selected problems.The authors state that all text and problems in this edition have been triple checked for accuracy.
A book that does not work
If you are new to circuits, and don't have an amazing instructor, this book will make you work for hours just to finish a few problems in the exercises. The examples in the book are ridiculous, cause they are so easy. But wait till you get to the exercises, you will know. It is true, if you can learn to do the harder problems, easier ones will be no factor. But you NEED to learn first, and this book is in no way a self- teaching book. The ability of the writers to communicate with the readers is almost non existent here.
Horrible Weeder Textbook
The homework problems were absolute hell to solve, with tons of complicated algebra. Even worse, the text gave superficial examples that gave no hints on how to approach more difficult problems. My grade suffered in this class, partially because it did not focus on the fundamental circuit analysis. Don't expect this book to help you on exams! ... Read more

Subjects:  1. Electric Circuits    2. Electricity    3. Electronic Circuits    4. Electronics - Circuits - General    5. Engineering - Electrical & Electronic    6. Science/Mathematics    7. Technology    8. Technology & Industrial Arts    9. Circuits & components    10. Technology / Electronics / General   

Reviews (6)

excellent book to start real-world circuit design
This book contains good amount of practical information and is clear and easy-reading.For people who are fresh out of college, this book bridges the textbook education with the real-world circuit design.Get it now to help you make your first job easier.

Must have reference for everyone...
Everywhere I have worked I've made sure we have lots of copies of this on hand... Many of them walk away because it's such a good reference.If you ever need to design or build a product or just a fun project and have itwork, start from here.Everything you won't learn in school, and industryjust calls "experience".Combine this with High Speed DigitalDesign: A Handbook of Black Magic and you have an extremely powerfulcombination of references, covering all the details you need to know.Veryhighly recommended.

Wish I had it in college
I've only had this book for a couple of weeks and have already found it a great reference. This book should be given to entering freshman in eletrical engineering; much of the practicality of the material is not even covered in school. The range of topics is useful to anyone in the field. ... Read more

Subjects:  1. Electronics - Circuits - General    2. Engineering - Electrical & Electronic    3. Science/Mathematics    4. Technology    5. Technology & Industrial Arts    6. Circuits & components    7. Technology / Electronics / Microelectronics   

Reviews (1)

Nice reference book on semiconductor tech.
Nice reference book on semiconductor tech ... Read more

Subjects:  1. Computer Engineering    2. Computers    3. Digital Computer Hardware    4. Engineering - Electrical & Electronic    5. Flash memories (Computers)    6. Programming - General    7. Science/Mathematics    8. Technology & Industrial Arts    9. Computers-Programming - General    10. Electronic devices & materials    11. Storage media & peripherals    12. Technology / Electronics / Circuits / General    13. Technology / Engineering / Electrical   

Reviews (6)

Great book for VLSI DSP
It is very nice book, all the areas are explained in a very clear manner. This is an example for How the book should be!!!

Detailed,and thorough,an excellent book
Though being a beginner in VLSI systems,this book helped me get the grip in subjects I considered extremely difficult to grasp.It is well written,with many real-life examples and offers the reader wide range of knowledge . I think it is not only useful but absolutely indispensable for students and professional engineers alike .

Required Text for Digital Signal Processing Designers
If you're a communications system architect or designer, this is a required text for the efficient implementation of modern DSP algorithms.Read more

Subjects:  1. Computers - General Information    2. Electronics - Circuits - VLSI    3. Engineering - Electrical & Electronic    4. Integrated circuits    5. Logic Design    6. Science/Mathematics    7. Technology    8. Very large scale integration    9. Very-Large-Scale Integration (Vlsi)    10. Communications engineering / telecommunications    11. Computer architecture & logic design    12. Computers / Microprocessors    13. Image processing    14. Signal processing   

Reviews (25)

high speed circuitlayouttechniques
I bought this book based on a friend's recommendation seven years ago. I have used this book along with Henry Ott's book as a desk top reference for the past seven years.

Not the final word by any means, but a good introduction
Add Johnson and Graham to the list of people who can write large, highly technical books full of useful, pertinent information, and package it all in a way that's mostly very readable and which mixes just the right blend of rigorous academic structure with good old-fashioned "when all else fails, you might get away with this" hacks. This book is by no means a thorough, academic grounding in the subject matter, but it works well as an introduction for people who have some background in conventional electronics, yet little or no background in the specifics of high-speed digital design.
Mostly a very solid book
Great book.BTW, the author lists a LOT of errata on his website, enough to take over an hour to mark up my copy (5th printing).Although it's nice he documents this so well, it's a pain in the rear, so you may want to verify the edition you're buying to avoid this extra effort. On page vi, above ISBN, look for reverse sequence; example: "10 9 8 7" indicates 7th printing (cryptic, I know).Most recent printing is 15th edition (least amount of errata).The book is loaded with equations and diagrams.It would be nice to see more derivations, but at least the equations are there in the text, and in the appendix.I thought a few other reviewers were a bit harsh.The book is not perfect, but nevertheless a great resource.His second book is impressive, but more advanced; this original title is my "workhorse" book.also, check out his website (sigcon.com) for lots of articles and resources. ... Read more

Subjects:  1. Digital Computer Design    2. Digital electronics    3. Electronics - General    4. Engineering - Electrical & Electronic    5. Logic design    6. Science/Mathematics    7. Technology & Industrial Arts    8. Circuits & components    9. Technology / Electronics / General   

Reviews (1)

tackles a conceptual discontuity
Agarwal and Lang offer a pedagogy to tackle a serious disconnect that often arises in this field. At the low level of physics and electrical engineering, the EE student learns of basic device physics of such circuit elements as a PN diode or a MOSFET. Everything here is inherently analog. So you get I-V curves that characterise the devices, say. The book gives this good coverage.
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Subjects:  1. Computer Books: General    2. Computer Engineering    3. Computers    4. Computers - General Information    5. Electronic circuits    6. Electronics - Circuits - General    7. Engineering - Electrical & Electronic    8. Textbooks    9. Circuits & components    10. Technology / Electronics / Microelectronics   

Reviews (4)

A very useful,easy to read book on sv and verification
if you want to learn systemverilog and its application on verification, this is book for you. The book includes lots of good /short examples, help you better understand the concepts and discussions. If you have doubts, it is very easy to type in the coes to verify.A must have book to get yourself familiar with sv and verification.

Great Examples !
This book is a must if you are going to code in SystemVerilog. Chris is very knowledgeable about the language features and great at presenting these features in a very compact way. The examples alone make the book worthwhile.
This is a great book for anyone who wants to learn SV
I got this book to learn SystemVerilog being one of the new IEEE HDL and Testbench development languages. It is a great book and covers everything you need to know about SystemVerilog as a testbench development language. If one is coming from a HW development background, this is the book to read to learn the basic concepts of Object Oriented Programming and the additional bells and whistle which System Verilog added to Verilog.
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Subjects:  1. CAD-CAM - General    2. Computer Books: General    3. Computers    4. Electronics - Circuits - General    5. Engineering - Electrical & Electronic    6. Hardware - Personal Computers - General    7. Technology & Industrial Arts    8. Applications of Computing    9. Computing and Information Technology    10. Electrical engineering    11. Electronics engineering    12. Personal computers    13. Spear    14. SystemVerilog    15. Technology / Electronics / Circuits / General    16. methodology concepts    17. testbenches    18. verification   

Subjects:  1. Computer Logic    2. Digital Electronics    3. Electronics - Circuits - Logic    4. Electronics - Digital    5. Engineering - Electrical & Electronic    6. Fuzzy logic    7. Logic Design    8. Neural networks (Computer scie    9. Neural networks (Computer science)    10. Reference    11. Technology    12. Technology & Industrial Arts    13. Circuits & components    14. Fuzzy set theory    15. Technology / Electronics / General   

Reviews (16)

Disappoiting
The book is too theory-oriented; not suitable for engineers. I felt disappointed.
Great book.
Difficult Side
not a good starting point
This is not a good book to start with. The book by Gray and Meyer and Hurst and Lewis is anyday much much better than this book. This book does not care to explain the meaning of small-signal operation and analysis and even such basic important aspects such as biasing and more subtler aspects in later chaters in feedback theory etc etc. It is not at all a good starting point. The excersises are good. Still not at all comparable to analysis and design of analog integrated circuits by gray and meyer... ... Read more

Subjects:  1. Computer Engineering    2. Design and construction    3. Electronics - Circuits - Integrated    4. Engineering - Electrical & Electronic    5. Linear integrated circuits    6. Metal oxide semiconductors, Co    7. Metal oxide semiconductors, Complementary    8. Science/Mathematics    9. Technology    10. Technology & Industrial Arts    11. Circuits & components    12. Technology / Electronics / Circuits / General   

Reviews (6)

plenty of practical advice
Bogatin puts a lot of practical advice and details into this book. He goes down into the device physics of the circuit elements, in order to derive fundamental formulae for such quantities as the loop inductance of a circular loop. The text also explains ideas like a ground plane and power plane, and why you need to maximise the decoupling capacitance between power and ground.
Awesome book for an SI novice like myself
I love this book.The author does a great job of explaining the fundamentals, which makes it an easy reading.Rarely am I able to read a technical book cover to cover as I did with this book.Just as a comparison, other SI books go in depth with too much mathematics w/o explaining the underlying physical phenomena.Sometimes the equation derivation in those books are kinda skimpy, which may leave the readers frustrated.I think this is absolutely the best book for a someone new to this topic!

Excellent introductory book
This is a real book. It is not one of those cut and paste jobs where "authors" throw together material covered in other places. This author has gone through pains to simplify things, explain common misconceptions, and add his own insights. All books should be written like this. I have read many books covering Signal Integrity and yet I still learned a few new ideas and it clarified things for me. It was a joy to read. There are a few things that could have been done better including some of the figures which look like they have been created by an amateur, but these don't take away from the overall good effort.
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Subjects:  1. Digital Electronics    2. Digital techniques    3. Electronics - Circuits - General    4. Electronics - Digital    5. Engineering - Electrical & Electronic    6. General    7. Impedance (Electricity)    8. Science/Mathematics    9. Signal Processing    10. Technology    11. Technology & Industrial Arts    12. Circuits & components    13. Technology / Electronics / General   

Reviews (11)

Perfect book for self-study
This book came to the rescue before my exam in the introductory course on logic design at uni and helped me achieve a good grade in the exam, even though I didn't attend class most of the time. It's well written and easy to understand, even for students who aren't native English speakers.
Solid introduction to basics
This is a sound, competent introduction to the elements of contemporary logic design. It covers all the basics: boolean logic, gate implementations, and the elements of binary arithmetic. It talks about minimization techniques, logic delays, and some of the classic logic implementation technologies (PLAs, decoders, muxes). It gives the basics of common notation, including timing diagrams, gate-level schematics, and so on. The last few chapters discuss synchronous (clocked) design and design of state machines, including standard reduction techniques. All the basics of modern design are there. A good student will start to see the number of different ways any problem can be solved, and start to recongize that no one perspective will solve all problems, at least not well.
Good material, bad editing!
As far as material and explanations, the book is great.I just have no tolerance for the countless number of grammatical errors it contains.At least one on every page.Granted, we are engineering majors, but it's a university-level textbook! ... Read more

Subjects:  1. Circuits    2. Computer Books: General    3. Computer Engineering    4. Computers    5. Data processing    6. Design    7. Digital Computer Hardware    8. Electronic digital computers    9. Electronics - Circuits - Logic    10. Electronics - Circuits - VLSI    11. Engineering - Electrical & Electronic    12. Integrated circuits    13. Logic Design    14. Technology & Industrial Arts    15. Very large scale integration    16. Very-Large-Scale Integration (Vlsi)    17. Computer aided design (CAD)    18. Computers / Computer Engineering   

Reviews (19)

A wonderful way to get started with electronics
I wanted to get a good grounding in concepts, terminology, and advice for electronics and this book was the perfect place to get it. Clear explanations and great advice helped me get my own electronics workbench set up and try my hand at a first few projects. This is a great way to get going in electronics.

still looking for best entry level electronics book
I truly am the target audience for this book - a novice.
No good
Too broad, too vauge.When it came time to put the projects together, taking what I had learned from the book, I couldn't do it.Not worth it whatsoever! ... Read more

Subjects:  1. Amateurs' manuals    2. Electronic Apparatus And Devices    3. Electronic Circuits    4. Electronics    5. Electronics - General    6. Engineering - Electrical & Electronic    7. Science/Mathematics    8. Technology    9. Technology & Industrial Arts    10. Electronics engineering    11. Technology / Engineering / Electrical   

Reviews (15)

Bible for LNA design
I am a Principal RF Engineer/ Program Manager, with a graduate degree in the field of RF / Microwave and more than a decade of experience working with it.
Very good book for LNA design
I recently took an RF course that was using this book.The examples that were provided were excellent.The theory that was presented wasn't hard to follow, and if the reader was motivated enough, they can test it out using a CAD program.I myself used ADS.This is a must have book if you're going into the RF profession.

Absolute tosh!
Do not buy this book, it does not help in any way, shape or form and is a complete waste of time and money. It dosent even have any monkeys in it! ... Read more

Subjects:  1. Electronics - Circuits - General    2. Engineering - Electrical & Electronic    3. Microwave Circuits    4. Microwave amplifiers    5. Microwaves    6. Science/Mathematics    7. Technology    8. Technology & Industrial Arts    9. Telecommunications    10. Transistor amplifiers    11. Microwave technology    12. Technology / Engineering / Electrical   

Reviews (7)

A practical resource
I greatly appreciate the practicality of this book.If you can't attend one of his seminars, my recommendation is to buy this book, it will help.It's one of those that I plan to keep in the EMC lab and not just on the shelf.-doug

Noise Reduction Techniques
There is a specific topic in this book that I have not seem covered in any of the 25+ book that I have on electromagnetic phenomena. The topic is the shield cut-off frequency of a coaxial cable. Common-mode currents at low frequencies (below a few hundred hertz) cause noise problems with coaxial cables, but signals above tens of kilohertz do not. This is vital data which is apparently not explained in many text books. For me, this topic justifies the cost of the text. Having said that, I am annoyed because the book is quite expensive relative to other books of its size and age. The point is that you have to buy it, but it is expensive to do so. Take the course...
If you take the course then you get the book too.And, since Ott is a good lecturer, you will likely learn a lot more than trying to read the book.Read more

Subjects:  1. Electronic Circuits    2. Electronics - Circuits - General    3. Electronics - General    4. Engineering - Electrical & Electronic    5. Noise    6. Technology    7. Technology & Industrial Arts    8. Electronics & Communications Engineering    9. Technology / Electronics / Circuits / General   

Reviews (10)

Excellent Refreshing supplement for revision
This book is a carefully written one which will enable any student to revise thoroughly before DSP exam. It has an outstanding collection of solved problems like most other Schaum's outlines. This book is to be used as a supplement book to any standard DSP book like Oppenheim or Proakis & Manolakis. This book can make quite a lot of difference in final grades of most of students. So, it is advisable for any UG/PG to revise this book well before exam.

Good as a refresher or supplemental text in DSP
This outline could never stand alone as a DSP tutorial, but it is excellent if you need extra problems to solve or if you need a refresher course in elementary DSP topics. Chapter one starts where any DSP course usually starts - with a quick review of signals and systems. Chapter two is on Fourier analysis and discusses all of the basics including the concept of filtering, interconnection of systems, and finally the discrete time Fourier transform and its properties. Chapter 3 is on sampling, and includes a good discussion of analog to digital conversion and how it can induce aliasing. Next the converse, digital to analog conversion, is discussed as well as discrete time processing of continuous signals and finally sample rate conversion. Chapter 3 is especially useful, since most DSP texts do not go into as much detail on practical A/D and D/A conversion topics as this chapter does. Chapter four finally gets into the z-transform - its definition, its properties, and its inverse. Chapter 5 is about the transform analysis of systems and specifically how the z transform makes the analysis of such systems much simpler than what was done in earlier chapters. Chapter six discusses the discrete Fourier transform, which is a finite-series version of the DTFT, which was discussed in chapter two. Because the Discrete Fourier Transform has a time complexity of NxN, the next chapter discusses its more practical alternative the Fast Fourier Transform, which has an NlogN time complexity. This might seem trivial at first, but if you are filtering 1Kx1K pixel images, the difference becomes significant. Although this chapter is very brief, it does a pretty good job of driving home the main points of the algorithm. Also, it has some pretty good exercises on the FFT, which are usually hard to find in textbooks. Now that all of the groundwork has been laid, chapter eight discusses the implementation of discrete time systems, which is the essence of DSP. Common filter structures are introduced. Chapter 9, the final chapter, is on filter design. Both IIR and FIR filter techniques are introduced. Thus, if you are in an advanced DSP course, this outline will probably be too elementary for you. For first semester students, this should be a very helpful outline for transitioning from the study of linear systems to DSP.

Good stuff
it was delivered in good condition and quite fast. As promised on the site. ... Read more

Subjects:  1. Digital techniques    2. Electronics - Microelectronics    3. Engineering - Electrical & Electronic    4. Outlines, syllabi, etc    5. Problems, exercises, etc    6. Signal Processing (Communication Engineering)    7. Signal processing    8. Study Guides    9. Technology    10. Telecommunications    11. Circuits & components    12. Communications engineering / telecommunications    13. Technology / Engineering / Electrical   

Reviews (3)

Good for beginner....Not for advanced
This book is truely for beginners who have no clue of signal Integrity. He starts this book with stuff like Ohm's law and how capacitors and inductors work which most people learn in high school.
Probably the most readable book you'll find on this
Brook's book is exceptional in the clarity of the writing, esp. in explaining key concepts that most engineers are fuzzy on.This book is great at giving engineers an intuitive feel for basic electromagnetics and how it relates to signal integrity and emi. A chasm has been bridged...
As an educator, lecturer and practicing designer I am given many books to read and make comment on. I find very few books that are able to bridge the chasm between the needs of a beginner learning about signal integrity and the needs of a professional desperate to solve design problems. This book is an excellent primer and reference for understanding the interrelationship between the board layout and the signal integrity problem. This book details design solutions to classic signal integrity problems and educates the novice in understanding the reasoning behind the solutions. There is a lot of nonsense being written about signal integrity and few people have the resources to filter out the chaff from hay. This book proves every principle presented with tested board layouts, demonstrated engineering principles, or documented laboratory results. Some people can see the world in formulas and some see the world pictorially. This book is rich in both forms of expressionism and its presentation will not exasperate the PCB designer who sees the world visually, or frustrate the engineer seeking equations for design representation. This book has been added to the required reading list for our PCB layout designers and product development engineering teams. ... Read more

Subjects:  1. Applied Electromagnetics    2. Design and construction    3. Electromagnetic interference    4. Electronic Circuit Design    5. Electronic circuits    6. Electronics - Circuits - General    7. Electronics - Circuits - Printed    8. Engineering - Electrical & Electronic    9. Microwaves    10. Noise    11. Printed circuits    12. Science/Mathematics    13. Technology    14. Technology & Industrial Arts    15. Circuits & components    16. Computer Hardware & Operating Systems    17. Signal processing    18. Technology / Electronics / General